What is agriculture?
Agriculture comes from a Latin word. The word agriculture is made up of two words (ager = field / soil, culture = cultivation). It simply means to cultivate land or soil. Agriculture is not just about farming, in it Livestock, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Horticulture, Crop Production, etc. Has also been included, we all call it agriculture.
Farmers in agriculture not only do farming but also do animal husbandry along with farming, Farmers also do fish farming, apart from this, the farmer also does other work, all of them together are called agriculture.
As we all know that the whole world is connected with agriculture. Directly or indirectly, any person in the world is associated with agriculture, so we can say that agriculture is the backbone of the whole world.
If you want to know more about what is agriculture then you can watch this video.
Types of Agriculture in India
Agriculture in India consists of 9 types which is further explained -
1. Shifting Agriculture - Shifting cultivation is a type of technique in which agriculture is done on a piece of land for a few years, Until the fertility of that land is completely exhausted. When the fertility of that land is completely exhausted, then the farmers go to the other new land to do agriculture. The fertility of the land which is completely gone, they are some amount of tree plants, they are completely burnt and their ashes are added to the soil, which increases their fertility. Then after some time farmers come back to that land for agriculture. It is also known as Burn and Slash Cultivation.
Types of agriculture in India
See Also - 2. Subsistence Agriculture - Within the subsistence farming, only the needs of the family are met. In this, the same farming is done so that the needs of the family can be fulfilled. Very little technology is used in this and only members of the family do hardwork in it to grow crops and its output is very low. The output is less in this because farming is done only to fulfill the needs of the family.
3. Intensive Agriculture - Intensive farming refers to the agricultural system where we use labor and our capital at high levels in land area comparison. Farmers use advanced agriculture techniques in this to increase the total yield. Intensive farming is done in densely populated areas, meaning in urban areas. In this, the land area is very less and this land is quite extensible because it is in the urban areas. Farmland of intensive farming is near the market as they are in urban areas, So their Agro products become available quickly in the locally market and transportation cost also becomes very less. In this, the farmers use more chemicals.
Types of agriculture in India
4. Extensive Agriculture - Labor and capital are of low level in Extensive farming and cultivation is done on large area. In this, there is the goal of cultivating maximum land area of the farmers. Extensive farming is done in areas with less population meaning in areas like Villages. In this, the land areas are very large and very cheap, because if there is no development in the Villages, then the price of the land is very low. Farmland of Extensive farming are remotely located in the area which is very far away from the market, then their agro products in the market are available in the long time and the cost of transportation is also very high. In this, the farmers do not use much chemical as chemicals are not found in large quantities in the Villages, so the farmers here use organic more.
Types of agriculture in India
5. Commercial Agriculture - The farming that is done for the business and not for the Farmers themselves. The crops that are obtained by doing farming, sell the crops so that they can earn money. It uses very modern technology such as high yealding variety of seeds, chemicals, insecticides, pesticides, etc. All the technology is used in it so that the crops production is more. The commercial crop of each state is different, which depends on the climate of the state. In this, only one crop grows in the large land so that the crop can be sold commercially. All the crops that grow in it, all the crops go directly into the industry and do not go directly to the locally market. Migrant laborers are employed in commercially farming, who work at the place of farming.
Types of agriculture in India
6. Plantation Agriculture - Plantation agriculture is also a type of commercial agriculture. Crops like Wheat, Rice, Maize etc. Is not produced, but rather rubber, tea, coconut, coffee, cocoa, spices, and fruits written in raw crops. It also requires a lot of space like commercial agriculture and at that place only one crop is made to grow. The growing period of these crops is also very long. Plantation Agriculture is practiced in Kerala, Assam, Karnataka and Maharashtra.
7. Dry Land Agriculture - As its name suggests, this farming is done in a dry place where the amount of water is very low and the climate is also hot and such place is about 70% in India. Crops are grown at such places whose water content is very less, such as winter wheat, corn, beans, sunflowers or even watermelon. Dryland farming depends on the particular rainfall of the agricultural season. In its broader aspects, dry land farming is related to the use of land in all situations. Not only for farming, but also for farming, how much and which area should be taken into consideration. Above all, emphasis should be placed on the efficient use of rain capture and dry land farming.
See Also -
Types of agriculture in India
8. Wet Land Agriculture - Farming in very rainy areas is called wet land farming. In India, there is a place where the amount of water is much higher, crops are grown like rice, jute, and sugarcane. Wetland agriculture in the Central Lowlands of the Peten consisted of using waterway resource areas as farmland. They used pieces of land adjacent to rivers, canals, creeks, and springs to build raised farm beds.
This was an intensive form of agriculture as it required time and constant management for productive farming. These areas were inundated seasonally
9. Aquaponics - Aquaponics is made up of two terms (aquaculture and hydroponics) Aquaculture means growing fish organically and hydroponics means growing trees without soil. In this, the nutrients that the plants need, it provides hydroponics and the plants provide the clean water that the fish needs. This basically is a complete system that is attached to each other. There are three parts to aquaponics, one part contains fish and those fish waste are ammonia, which goes further into the bacteria tank. In this bacteria tank, ammonia changes in the nitrate that bacteria do and then goes towards the same plants. Then fresh water goes back to the fish tank.
In this, plants grow at the same water and trees do not have to provide water again and again, so water is very conservative. We grow it vertically, so the land is also conserve. In this we do not need any chemicals because these plants are Indoor groves and grow in water. The cost of its first installation is very high. Types of agriculture in India
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