What is Soil?
Soil Can be Simple Defined as the Mixture of Small Rock's Particles and Organic Matter Which Develops on the Earth Surface and Support the Growth of Plants. Soil is the Uppermost Layer of The Earth's Surface Which Supports Life And it is Found Everywhere. In Our Earth, Various Types of Soils Are Found We Are Described Above. Each Soil Are Found in a Particular Reason for The Earth.
Why Soil is So Important?
There Will be no Food Grow Without the Soil Which is Necessary to Keep a Man Alive. One Health Soil Contains About One Billion Bacteria And Other Organisms. By Absorbing Air or Water Soil Provides Various Types of Nutrients Such as Nitrogen And Phosphorus Which One Necessary the Plant's Nutrition. Only 12% of the Earth's Surface is Suitable for Agricultural Use. Only 1 in 5 People Use the Land to Produced Agriculture. Grain Has Increased From 2.3 to 3.6 Tones Since 1980 And it is Expected That by 2030 There Will be an Increase of 20 - 30%.
Soil Profile
Soil Profile Consists of the Three Layer Called Horizons. This Horizon is Expressed by the Letters A, B, and C. The Details of Which are as Follows -
A Horizon or Top Soil -
It is the Upper Most Layer And Usually Appears Dark In Colour. The Soil is Porous, Soft and More Water Holding Capacity Then the Other Layer. It Contains a Lot of Humus Which Makes the Soil Fertile.
See Also -
B Horizon or Sub-Soil -
It is the Second Layer of Soil And is Comparatively Harder And More Compact. It is Lighter in Colour and is Often Grey or Red. It Contains More Sand And Also Some Stones. Sub Soil is Not Suitable For Plant Growth as it Contains Very Little Organic Matter.
C Horizon -
C Horizon is the Lower Most Part of the Soil and Lies Beneath the Sub-Soil. It is Made-up of Stones and Rock's. It Doesn't Contain Organic Matter, However, Minerals are Found in This Layer. Beneath the Layer BedRock is Present
Types of Soil
Depending Upon the Geographical Regions, the Types of Soil Vary in Their Colour, Texture, and Contents. There are Six Types of Soil Which are Found in India.1. Red Soil -
It is Best Soil For Cotton Civilization. Most of the Deccan Area is Occupied by Black Soil and Also Has High Water Retaining Capacity it Develop Wide Cracks When Dried. Colour of This Soil is Red Due to the Presence of Iron Oxide in it. It Forms the Top Soil Along With Quartz and Clay Particles. It Contains Very Less Quantity of Nitrogen And Humus. About 18% of This Soil are Found in India. This Type of Soil is Also Known as Red Latosol. In India, it is Mainly Found in Interior Region of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Southern Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh.
2. Black Soil -
Black Soil is Porous and Rich in Minerals and Humus. This Soil is Also Rich in Iron and Magnesium as it is Derived From Basaltic Rock. In This Soil Lime, Phosphate, Manganese, Nitrogen, Humus and Potash are Lack. About 15% of This Soil Are Found in India. It Mainly Seen in Less Rainfall Areas. It is Clayey in Nature and is Ideal For Growing Cotton and Sugarcane. It is Also Known as Regar. In India, it is Mainly Found in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Some Other Parts of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
3. Alluvial Soil -
Alluvial Soil is Formed by the Deposition of Silt on the River Banks Wash Down From the Mountains. It is loamy in Texture and Contains Plenty of Humus. About 43% of Alluvial Soil are Present in India. This Soil is Rich For Potash But Poor in Phosphorus. This Types of Soil is Fertile and is Best Suitable For Growing Wheat, Rice and Sugarcane. It is Commonly Called Khadar and Old Alluvial Soil Called Bhangar In India, it is Mainly Found in the Planes of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar, West Bengal and the Coastal Regions of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
4. Desert Soil -
Desert Soil is Sandy and Porous and Contains a Good Amount of Soluble Salts. It Becomes Fertile When it is Watered. In India, it is Mainly Found in Rajasthan and in Some Parts of Gujarat.
5. Mountain Soil -
Mountain Soil is Very Fertile But Varies in Contents From Place to Place. It Has the Highest Humus Contains of all the Soils in India. It is Mainly Found in the Himalayan Region and North Eastern Part of India.
See Also -
6. Laterite Soil -
Laterite Soil is Mainly Found in Those Regions, Where There are Heavy Rains. The Percentage of This Soil is About 4% are Found in India. It is Good For Plantation Crops Such as Tea, Coffee, and Coconut. In India, it is Mainly Found in the Western Ghats, in Parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, and Assam.
Soils Can Also be Classified Into Three Types on the Basis of the Number of Different Particles.
Sandy Soil -
Sandy Soil is Greyish-Brown in Colour. It Has Large Particles Which Allow Air and Water to Passed Through it. Sandy Soil is Found on the Beaches and River Bank. Having a High Percentage (70 - 80) of Sand Particles. It is Highly Porous and Thus it's Water Holding Capacity is Less So Sandy Soil is Not Suitable for Plants Growth.
Clayey Soil -
Clay Soil is Brown in Colour. It Has Very Fine Particles Which Stick Together. Plant Like Rice That Need a Lot of Water Grow Well in This Soil. Clay Soil Are Found Near The River Mouths. This Soil Contains High Percentage (60 - 70) of Clay Particles and Very Less Sand. Its Porosity is Very Less But the Water Holding Capacity is High. Human is Lesser and it Supports the Plants.
Loamy Soil -
Loamy Soil is a Mixture of Sand, Clay and Lot of Humus. The Soil Retains Some Water and Let's the Extra Water Pass Through Completely. Loamy Soil is Found in Plane's and Plateaus. Having Relatively Equal Amounts of Sand, Silt and Clay Particles. This Soil is Best For Plants Growth Because it Contains Humus, it Hold Sufficient Water and Greater Aeration.
0 Comments